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I think "proto-vinegar" might be a better description of the contents.

Yes, that should be fine. Just tighten the punch by hand to get it positioned so that it cuts all the way round the holes.

There's been some further research on converting refractometer readings to real extracts and gravities that disagreed with the Seanterrill calculator, particular under partial fermentation. This was in the July/August 2017 Zymurgy (a couple of issues ago) in the article "Revisiting The...

Warning: overly detailed nitpick ahead... Not really, what really matters is the amount of (fermentable) sugar and alcohol dissolved in the liquid. A hydrometer infers this via density, while a refractometer infers it via refractive index. Both have potential issues - both are confounded by...

Thanks, those look like useful options.

Does anyone have a link to good, cheap, and easy to hook up fan for a dorm fridge type kegerator? I need on both for that and for the dorm fridge fermentation chamber.

Something like your profile pic? ;)

You'll absolutely need to regularly dismantle the pump to clean it out, and to dismantle the valve to clean that out as well. That will be easier with a camlock pair in-between. Putting a male camlock on the outlet of the kettle, female on the pump inlet, and male on the pump outlet lets you...

Typically for moving fermented beer/wine, you want a self-priming diaphragm pump, which puts low amounts of shear on the beer, and doesn't beat oxygen into it or have a risk of cavitation. Something like this is what's generally sold for this job, and is significantly cheaper than your option...

I've not noticed either. I believe the risk is of infection if the lines aren't sanitized well enough.

I'm not sure how strong the flakes of calcium oxalate are, but I could imagine them lifting off when the line is flexed. When I clean my lines, they definitely come off in small flakes (maybe 1/10th inch or smaller).

The faucets themselves may be usable, as it looks like they come off the ends with a regular faucet wrench.

It's probably "Beer stone" - deposits of calcium oxalate. It will pretty much always happen, and it needs removing to properly sanitize the lines. You can remove it with beer line cleaner (e.g. Five Star Liquid Line Cleaner) or Five Star Beer Stone remover. I pump LLC through my lines for 20...

Have you tried calling around any homebrew stores in the area? Google says that Beer & Pop Discount sells brewing equipment, although they don't have an online catalog to let me tell what they sell. Failing that, MoreBeer have a warehouse in western PA, and will get hose to you in a day...

I am a physicist. Even with completely still gases initially in layers, the diffusion constant of oxygen in CO2 is such that sufficient oxygen to cause mild oxidation will get to your beer in a few minutes of the vessel being open or air being allowed in to the vessel.

Importantly, it's CO2 that's sucked from the first jar to the fermenter, and it's replaced in the first jar with liquid sucked from the second jar. The second jar takes in air, but it can't get to the beer until all the liquid is pulled into the first jar. With an S-type airlock, as soon as...

Or at least the worst way for your relatives to find your corpse.

What should/may happen is that as the pressure reduces and lifts the sanitizer in the blow off, some of the CO2 in solution will come out of solution.

Jaybird/NorCalBrewingSolutions sells some lids for Mason jars that take hoses - you can use the to rig up Mason jars as blow-off vessels and/or as reservoirs for CO2 for cold crashing. Or you could probably come up with your own version using any air-tight jar.

Ah, no, kegs (both corny and sanke) have a single, fairly thin, stainless steel wall. That said, I've just bought a ported Fermonster for closed transfers, because I want to do full 5 gallons into the keg batches.