As the previous poster said, 13 days is not very long. Beers very rarely ferment exactly the same. Even if it was the exact same recipe, with the same abv, at the same temperature carbonation time would likely be different.
I bought a CO2 tank at Harbor Freight in Topeka, and had it filled at Drop Zone(a paintball store) a few years ago. Probably not open on sunday, though.
It'll be fine. The general rule is to wait at least 72 hours before worrying about your fermentation not starting. To answer your question, no. Unless the topoff water was boiling the chances are very slim that it killed your yeast.
A pound is a lot. I won't say not to do it, but i think your results would be pretty similar using half that. A pound of hops is going to soak up a LOT of beer, too.
What type of beer are you wanting to add candy apple flavor to? Having a hard time thinking of a style that it would compliment. A little more information on what you want to end up with would be very helpful. Have you considered just doing a hard cider?
You might get more input by posting this in the Recipes/Ingredients forum instead of the recipe database, which is meant for proven recipes. That said, I really enjoy Tasman and am interested to see what you come up with.
I have never had an all chinook beer, but it could be really good. My only observation would be that I'm not sure if you will get the bitterness that you are projecting. The IBUs that brewing software tends to calculate for FWH are typically quite a bit different than actual perceived...