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I very quickly roughed in (I.E., loosely ballparked) that adding 10 mL of 2N H2SO4 to 5 gallons of water will contribute about 52.5 mg/L (ppm) of H2SO4 to the 5 gallons. Or it will contribute about 50 mg/L (ppm) SO4 if added into 20 Liters of water. The latter making things a lot easier to...

98% H2SO4 is very dangerous stuff. Use all due caution. Wear all due PPE including apron and face shield plus goggles. And due to fumes it would be best to carefully and slowly pour out the well metered 50 mL's and do the diluting outside. Stay upwind to avoid fumes. Add acid to the...

Hopefully I've taken a lot of the battle out of it for you.

Since H2SO4 (Sulfuric Acid) fully dissociates in water (whereas Phosphoric and Lactic Acids do not), the acid strength of this diluted H2SO4 solution (as outlined above) remains 1.842225 mEq/mL at any targeted mash pH (whereas Phosphoric and Lactic Acids mEq/mL acid strengths change appreciably...

For a bit of mEq/mL acid strength comparison at (specifically) a targeted mash pH of 5.40: 10% Phosphoric Acid = 1.09032 mEq/mL at pH 5.40 30% Phosphoric Acid = 3.66700 mEq/mL at pH 5.40 75% Phosphoric Acid = 12.26217 mEq/mL at pH 5.40 85% Phosphoric Acid = 14.86526 mEq/mL at pH 5.40 80% Lactic...

Calculating this diluted acid solutions mEq/mL acid strength: MW of H2SO4 = 98.07848 g./mol Density of 98% H2SO4 = 1.8437 g./mL Charge = 2 (because H2SO4 has 2 H+ ions that it can liberate) EQWt = 98.07848/2 = 49.03924 g./EQ (because the charge is 2) 50 mL x 1.8437 g./mL = 92.185 grams total...

For Concentrated 98% Sulphuric Acid: MW_SO4_Anion = 96.0626 g/mol MW_H2SO4 = 98.07848 g/mol 98% H2SO4 Acid Density at STP ~= 1.8437 g./mL 50 mL of this maximally concentrated Sulfuric acid * 1.8437 g/mL * 0.98 * 96.0626/98.07848 = 88.48445 g. of SO4-- ion Dilute 50 mL of this concentrated...

I believe that this thread now provides adequate information (all within one thread) whereby to permit anyone desiring to do so the means whereby to create a functional (and accurate) mash pH prediction calculator. The missing information at this juncture mainly consists of complex dissociation...

As an aside, have you ever noticed that the 'Brewer's Friend' mash pH adjustment calculator generally settles upon an aggregate grist BC of 34-35 when a pulverized grist is more likely to have an aggregate BC in the vicinity of 45 (with AJ deLange often commenting that BC = 45 should be presumed...

Lastly (perhaps): BC Compensation for grist components that are crushed to a known Mill Gap as opposed to being Pulverized: Actual_Grist_Component_BC = BC_Pulverized x (1 - 6.9215 x Mill_Gap_Inches) (or for the Metric version) Actual_Grist_Component_BC = BC_Pulverized x (1 - 0.27725 x...

Simply sum the positive and negative mEq's for each individual grist component, plus the mEq's of mash water Alkalinity adjustment to pH 5.40, plus the mEq's of H+ liberated by your mash waters Calcium and Magnesium ions, and you will know how many mEq's of either acid or baking soda are...

A.J. deLange stated several times that in his observations the H+ (Acid) liberated within the mash proper due to the presence of (and Malt Phosphate interaction with) Calcium and Magnesium ions within the mash is roughly about half of what Kolbach observed specifically post boil and cooling...

Acid Malt (nominal, or typical) = ~0.3231 mEq/Gram at specifically pH 5.40 Acid Malt (nominal, or typical) = ~9.16 mEq/Ounce at specifically pH 5.40

Common Acid's deliveries of mEq's/mL of H+ ions (protons) at specifically a targeted pH of 5.40 are: 88% Lactic Acid = 11.451 mEq/mL 80% Lactic Acid = 10.246 mEq/mL 10% Phosphoric Acid = 1.090 mEq/mL 30% Phosphoric Acid = 3.667 mEq/mL 85% Phosphoric Acid = 14.865 mEq/mL AMS (or CRS) Acid Blend...

The most down and dirty, yet adequately effective, means to bring Alkalinity laden water to approximately pH 5.4 is: 1) Divide the mg/L (ppm) Alkalinity by 50. This gives you mEq/L Alkalinity. (if persnickety, divide by 50.04345) 2) Multiply the above by the number of liters of your mash...

If you add Ca(OH)2 [Calcium Hydroxide, Slaked Lime, or Pickling Lime] to your mash water as a source of Ca++ (calcium ions) you had better not use Phosphoric Acid. 10Ca(OH)2 + 6H3PO4 → Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 + 18H2O Per Wikipedia, it goes straight to the form of Calcium Apatite known as...

If you use Phosphoric Acid it depends upon the alkalinity of your water. See post #1 in this thread. That said, for many homebrewers in the UK (who do not often choose to use Phosphoric Acid) I would guess that about 150-180 mg/L (~ppm) Ca++ ion is considered to be ballpark ideal, so 'perhaps'...

mEq/Kg_pH represents the mEq's of either acid or base 'nominally' required to move 1 Kilogram of a grist component 1 pH point. For the example of a 'nominally' 500 Lovibond malt such Black Patent, BC = mEq/Kg_pH = 70.23 And for the same Black Patent malt the DI_pH should nominally be...

Critically, there is also a requisite change in 'sign' for mEq's with respect to whether or not a grist component is alkaline (or basic) with respect to the chosen mash pH target, or acidic with respect to the chosen mash pH target. DI_pH greater than ones mash pH target = alkaline with...

Oops, I forgot to mention that the above BC's are intended specifically with reference to a mash pH target of 5.40.