Congrats and welcome to the addiction.
I just started this past September and have already brewed up 16 different 5 gallon batches :) just did my first all grain the other day.. It's a lot of fun and the rewards for having a ton of patience is totally worth it.
Best of luck and be sure to...
Dogfish 60min is a very good start, other commercial ones i enjoy are Terapin's Hopsecutioner, and Victory Hopdevil.
Plus I really have been enjoying the IPA's I've been brewing up.
I would recommend next time, to place the diluted priming sugar in the bottom of the racking bucket, then siphon the beer onto it using a whirlpool effect.
I've actually tried to carb up a beer with the soda stream. My best advice is don't.. your just going to end up with a sticky foamy mess.
Just like the post above, it just doesn't work.
I'm using this set: http://www.northernbrewer.com/shop/3-piece-thief-plastic.html
No real complaints, and it's tall enough to reach inside the carboy with no issues. Plus it's pretty cheap :)
Drinking the end of a Centennial IPA batch, and it's pretty good.. I went with more of a bittering IPA on this one.
Next up to serve is a malty dark lager.
You should really consider just going to a blow-off tube. Sooner or later you are going to have an issue with the air-lock on a violent fermentation and have crap all over your ceiling.
Here's a batch I made this past Saturday and woke up Sunday to see this:
Mostly to ensure that fermentation has stopped, and that you can calculate your final ABV.
Those would be the two main reasons to take a FG reading. Some other reasons would be for a nice taste test once you are done taking the reading :) and to look like a mad scientist in front of your...
I think it's mainly that a lot of people really have not developed a taste for beer. So they get what they are used to and whats cheap. A large portion of people also really only drink to get **** faced, and not to sit back and enjoy a good flavorful beer.