I chose only this snippet because it was short and simple so I could make a point. First, I have brewed many brews with each approach, both leaving the primary alone for 3-4 weeks as well as racking in the first week. My personal experience has been clearer, cleaner beers with very little trub...
Ok, here is some info that will likely help you.
1. brewing can be very simple, or as complicated as you want to make it.
2. every (extract) brew follows the same basic format. I have basic brewing instructions on my site here:
MOD EDIT - Please do not link to for-profit sites.
this will...
With high-gravity brews patience is a must. What often happens with high gravity beers is the yeast begins to die off because of the alcohol content. When the yeast cells die they fall out of suspension and often take live yeast cells with them. When you rack into a secondary you inevitably...
Primary fermentation only takes about 3 days in most cases. When you pitch your yeast into a brew it goes through three basic stages. The first 12-24 hours the yeast multiplies like mad. A this point it is not eating sugars, just multiplying. Once the oxygen in the brew has been consumed...
It is always best to take hydrometer readings every other day once you stop seeing activity in your airlock. If you get the same gravity reading 72 hours apart from each other, you are safe to bottle.
The worst case is that you over carbonate the beer, or less likely, some of your bottles...
Generally you want to dry hop in secondary fermentation. All that really means is that after the initial, vigorous fermentation is over (usually within 3 days) rack the brew into another container.
As for the debris in your brew, I would use a piece of cheese cloth or a hop steeping bag...