PT Ray: I might be wrong, but I don't think the OP is asking how to make ten gallons from a five gallon recipe. . . I think he's asking how to turn something like an IPA into a IIPA. (Or a Stout into an Imperial Stout, etc.)
Here's my rule of thumb, but bear in mind I've only ever done IIPA's in the past, so this may not work for you. ALWAYS check your recipe in Beersmith or HopCalculus to make sure it's on target for what you want:
(1) Double the base grains, minus a pound. Add back that pound in dextrose.
(2) 150% of the bittering hops at 60 minutes, another 50% of the bittering hops at 30 minutes, 150% of the aroma hops, and two ounces of dry hops for 7 days.
(3) 150% of the specialty grains; less for really strong flavors like chocolate malt.