This has nothing to do with 'thickness'
Technically, of course it does. If by definition thicker equates to denser, then certainly an unfermented wort at 1.055 is going to have higher density (thickness) than a fully fermented beer at 1.008.
Alcohol (beer) is thinner than sugar water (wort). As the alcohol displaces the sugar water through fermentation, the beer will of course become thinner be definition.
But to try and answer the OPs question
a much higher concentrated wort will typically yield a thicker beer even after full fermentation
this assumes that regardless of the starting gravity, the attenuation rate of the yeast strain is the same.
A 1.040 beer at an attenuation rate of 80% will yield final product of 1.008.
A 1.080 beer will end at 1.016.
Now, does that higher final gravity deserve the term thicker. Probably not. Richer mouth feel, more caramel tones, slight residual sweetness
yes.
Low temp/long rest times equal drier, crisper beers. High temp, shorter rest times equal maltier beers.
OP Always track your mash temp. It is one of the most critical elements in both producing the desired beer, and achieving consistency from one batch to the next.