Hmm, I'm looking for a more automated way to do this (i.e. report to a microcontroller, etc). Kind of like a KegMeter, but I'm not planning something as sophisticated as that.
Yes, weigh the keg. I use a digital bathroom scale for this. Weigh an empty keg to get the tare weight and subtract that from whatever the partially filled keg weighs. Divide the net weight by 8.4 (water is 8.34 lbs/gallon, so I'm guessing the beer is about 1% heavier) to convert to gallons. You can also use a remote read infra-red thermometer. Shoot the side of a cold keg and you can find the beer level by detecting a sharp temp differential between the head space and the beer. This will give you an approximate indication, but that's usually good enough. You can also weigh propane tanks the same way to see how much gas you have remaining.
This is the way I was planning on measuring the remaining volume and % remaining. You can calculate the density of the beer using the final gravity.
For example:
At 38 degrees F the density of water is 8.345 lb/gal. Specific gravity is the ratio of the densities so if the final gravity of the beer is 1.011, at 38 degrees F the beer would weight is 8.437 lb/gal. Therefore, 5 gallons of beer would weight 42.185 pounds plus the empty weight of the keg.
Try these force sensors http://www.trossenrobotics.com/flexiforce-100lb-resistive-force-sensor.aspx, they are more reasonably priced.
brew more then it won't matter if you run out...
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