Developing a palate or taste for beers is a process that is very individual and learned by trial and error over a period of time.
Once you have learned what types or styles of beer you prefer then the different recipes dealing with grains, adjuncts, yeasts and methods of the brewing process come into play.
If you already know what styles, hoppiness, ABV's, carbonation levels and just about everything else that rings your bell you can search through the tons of recipes and methods offered by forum members to get to the ideal beers for you. (Never forget that your tastes will change and the tweaking of recipes and methods will change accordingly.)
If you really want to define your taste or palate go out and get a variety of different styles offered by different craft breweries.
Which style did you like the best?
What was it that you liked?
More or less bitterness or aroma and what about the bitterness or aroma did you like?
Zero in on the best things about the beer and search out some clone recipes, whether they are extract or all grain or anything in middle.
What Brewkinger and Bbohanon stated above is fantastic advice and tweaking your beers is always easier when you start with basic well known recipes.
Best of luck in you future brewing.
OMO
bosco