Yes, many of us keep Starsan in a sprayer. I can be found spraying away at anything that touches my wort once it comes out of the brew kettle. For your bucket it is easier to put 1/2 gallon or so in the bottom and swirl it all around and tilt the bucket to swirl it all along the sides as well. You can also in addition to this spray it down. I believe you want a minimum of 30 seconds contact time for it to sanitize,.
There is no need to worry about the foam. Everybody gets foam, but it is a no rinse so it doesn't hurt anything. Just drain out all the starsan and all the foam that you can, and leave the rest. The yeast will actually eat any foam left behind as food.
Starsan works as an acid sanitizer. If you have not mixed it strong enough it will not be acidic enough to do it's job. Just folow the dillution directions and you will be fine. If you have a way to check PH, you want a PH below 3.5. That is the minimum level of acidity for Starsan to be effective, so 3.5 or lower. If you mix it way to strong it may no longer be safe as a no rinse, so just mix it correctly and measure the PH if you can.
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