You should really conduct primary fermentation in a 6+ gallon fermenter. 5 Gallon BBs are better for secondary fermentation and/or lagering.
As Pappers said, it will dilute ABV and flavor. If you really want to get a little more beer and sacrifice those things, you can add some preboiled/cooled water to fermented beer and calculate the results.
The parameters that you can calculate are Final Gravity, ABV, and IBUs. You can do it with one equation for each: C1V1=C2V2
C = Concentration
V = Volume
and only use whole numbers
An example for FG would be (use last two digits): 16*4=C2*5
C2= 12.8, so you're if your initial FG was 1.016, adding a gallon would take it down to 1.0128
The parameters that you can't readily account for are hop flavor and aroma, body, mouthfeel, etc.
You could always add a half gallon or less to have a compromise.
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